The global energy sector is undergoing a transformative shift to address environmental challenges. Adopting circular economy principles — reducing waste, reusing resources, and optimising efficiency — alongside advanced technologies and renewable energy integration, is crucial for a sustainable energy ecosystem. Collaboration among industries and stakeholders is essential to scale these efforts, creating a secure and resilient energy system.
While the transition to renewable energy is critical, a balanced energy mix is necessary to meet immediate demands. The Central Electricity Authority forecasts an increase in thermal-based capacity from 217 GW to 283 GW by 2031-32 to complement renewable energy, which grew from 186.46 GW in 2023 to 211.36 GW in 2024. India aims for 600 GW of renewable energy by 2032, emphasising on a sustainable ecosystem to balance growth and environmental goals.
High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology is revolutionising India’s Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS), enabling long-distance energy transmission and renewable integration with greater efficiency and reliability. The National Electricity Plan (FY28-FY32) envisions adding 15,432 circuit kilometres of HVDC lines and 32,250 MW of transfer capacity, supporting initiatives like “Make in India” and modernising infrastructure to meet future demands.
India’s electricity demand is projected to exceed 700 GW by 2047, requiring a shift from project-based approaches to programme-based frameworks. This emphasises long-term planning, integrated resource allocation, and scalable solutions to optimise resources, reduce costs, and support renewable integration and grid expansion.
Target surpassed
India surpassed 200 GW of renewable capacity in 2024 and is targeting 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030. The ₹19,700 crore National Green Hydrogen Mission positions India as a leader in global decarbonisation, with green hydrogen transforming industries like steel, cement, and transportation. Grid modernisation is underway, with the transmission network expanding to 648,000 circuit kilometres by 2032. Energy storage solutions, including advanced batteries and pumped hydro systems, are addressing renewable intermittency.
India has reduced emissions intensity by 40 per cent from 2005 levels, and is aiming for 45 per cent by 2030. To sustain progress, robust policies, carbon trading, waste management, and bridging the renewable sector’s skill gap are vital. Industry-academia partnerships and international collaborations can drive innovation and foster an inclusive, carbon-neutral future.
The writer is MD and CEO – India & South Asia, Hitachi Energy
